{"id":884,"date":"2006-06-07T21:42:09","date_gmt":"2006-06-08T04:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/readyguide\/mustard\/"},"modified":"2006-06-07T21:42:44","modified_gmt":"2006-06-08T04:42:44","slug":"mustard","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/mustard\/","title":{"rendered":"Facts About Sulfur Mustard"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Facts<br \/>\n        About Sulfur Mustard<br \/>\n        <a href=\"\/agent\/blister\/mustardgas\/basics\/sulfur-mustard-facts.pdf\">Download PDF<br \/>\n        version formatted for print<\/a><strong><!-- #BeginLibraryItem \"\/library\/smallpox_pdf_icon.lbi\" --> <a href=\"\/file-formats.asp#pdf\"><img height=16 alt=\"Adobe Acrobat Reader\" \nsrc=\"\/images\/pdf_icon_faded.gif\" width=16 align=absBottom border=0\/><\/a> <!-- #EndLibraryItem --><\/strong><span style=\"color:#666666\">(42<br \/>\n        KB\/4 pages)<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><strong>What<br \/>\n        sulfur mustard is<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          is a type of chemical warfare agent. These kinds of agents are called<br \/>\n          vesicants or blistering agents, because they cause blistering of the<br \/>\n          skin and mucous membranes on contact.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          is also known as &#8220;mustard gas or mustard agent,&#8221; or by the military<br \/>\n          designations H, HD, and HT.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          sometimes smells like garlic, onions, or mustard and sometimes has no<br \/>\n          odor. It can be a vapor (the gaseous form of a liquid), an oily-textured<br \/>\n          liquid, or a solid.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          can be clear to yellow or brown when it is in liquid or solid form.\n        <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n        <strong>Where sulfur mustard is found and how it is used<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          is not found naturally in the environment.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          was introduced in World War I as a chemical warfare agent. Until recently,<br \/>\n          it was available for use in the treatment of a skin condition called<br \/>\n          psoriasis. Currently, it has no medical use.\n          <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How<br \/>\n        people are exposed to sulfur mustard<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If sulfur<br \/>\n          mustard is released into the air as a vapor, people can be exposed through<br \/>\n          skin contact, eye contact, or breathing. Sulfur mustard vapor can be<br \/>\n          carried long distances by wind.\n        <\/li>\n<li>If sulfur<br \/>\n          mustard is released into water, people can be exposed by drinking the<br \/>\n          contaminated water or getting it on their skin.\n        <\/li>\n<li>People can<br \/>\n          be exposed by coming in contact with liquid sulfur mustard.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          can last from 1 to 2 days in the environment under average weather conditions<br \/>\n          and from weeks to months under very cold conditions.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          breaks down slowly in the body, so repeated exposure may have a cumulative<br \/>\n          effect (that is, it can build up in the body). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How<br \/>\n        sulfur mustard works<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adverse<br \/>\n          health effects caused by sulfur mustard depend on the amount people<br \/>\n          are exposed to, the route of exposure, and the length of time that people<br \/>\n          are exposed.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          is a powerful irritant and blistering agent that damages the skin, eyes,<br \/>\n          and respiratory (breathing) tract.\n        <\/li>\n<li>It damages<br \/>\n          DNA, a vital component of cells in the body.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          vapor is heavier than air, so it will settle in low-lying areas.\n        <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Immediate<br \/>\n        signs and symptoms of sulfur mustard exposure<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exposure<br \/>\n          to sulfur mustard is usually not fatal. When sulfur mustard was used<br \/>\n          during World War I, it killed fewer than 5% of the people who were exposed<br \/>\n          and got medical care.\n        <\/li>\n<li>People may<br \/>\n          not know right away that they have been exposed, because sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          often has no smell or has a smell that might not cause alarm.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Typically,<br \/>\n          signs and symptoms do not occur immediately. Depending on the severity<br \/>\n          of the exposure, symptoms may not occur for 2 to 24 hours. Some people<br \/>\n          are more sensitive to sulfur mustard than are other people, and may<br \/>\n          have symptoms sooner.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          can have the following effects on specific parts of the body: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Skin<\/em>:<br \/>\n              redness and itching of the skin may occur 2 to 48 hours after exposure<br \/>\n              and change eventually to yellow blistering of the skin.\n            <\/li>\n<li><em>Eyes<\/em>:<br \/>\n              irritation, pain, swelling, and tearing may occur within 3 to 12<br \/>\n              hours of a mild to moderate exposure. A severe exposure may cause<br \/>\n              symptoms within 1 to 2 hours and may include the symptoms of a mild<br \/>\n              or moderate exposure plus light sensitivity, severe pain, or blindness<br \/>\n              (lasting up to 10 days).\n            <\/li>\n<li><em>Respiratory<br \/>\n              tract<\/em>: runny nose, sneezing, hoarseness, bloody nose, sinus<br \/>\n              pain, shortness of breath, and cough within 12 to 24 hours of a<br \/>\n              mild exposure and within 2 to 4 hours of a severe exposure.\n            <\/li>\n<li><em>Digestive<br \/>\n              tract<\/em>: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting.\n            <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n        What the long-term health effects may be<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exposure<br \/>\n          to sulfur mustard liquid is more likely to produce second- and third-<br \/>\n          degree burns and later scarring than is exposure to sulfur mustard vapor.<br \/>\n          Extensive skin burning can be fatal.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Extensive<br \/>\n          breathing in of the vapors can cause chronic respiratory disease, repeated<br \/>\n          respiratory infections, or death.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Extensive<br \/>\n          eye exposure can cause permanent blindness.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Exposure<br \/>\n          to sulfur mustard may increase a person\u2019s risk for lung and respiratory<br \/>\n          cancer. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How<br \/>\n        people can protect themselves and what they should do if they are exposed<br \/>\n        to sulfur mustard<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Because<br \/>\n          no antidote exists for sulfur mustard exposure, the best thing to do<br \/>\n          is avoid it. Immediately leave the area where the sulfur mustard was<br \/>\n          released. Try to find higher ground, because sulfur mustard is heavier<br \/>\n          than air and will settle in low-lying areas.\n        <\/li>\n<li>If avoiding<br \/>\n          sulfur mustard exposure is not possible, rapidly remove the sulfur mustard<br \/>\n          from the body. Getting the sulfur mustard off as soon as possible after<br \/>\n          exposure is the only effective way to prevent or decrease tissue damage<br \/>\n          to the body.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Quickly<br \/>\n          remove any clothing that has liquid sulfur mustard on it. If possible,<br \/>\n          seal the clothing in a plastic bag, and then seal that bag inside a<br \/>\n          second plastic bag.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Immediately<br \/>\n          wash any exposed part of the body (eyes, skin, etc.) thoroughly with<br \/>\n          plain, clean water. Eyes need to be flushed with water for 5 to 10 minutes.<br \/>\n          Do NOT cover eyes with bandages, but do protect them with dark glasses<br \/>\n          or goggles.\n        <\/li>\n<li>If someone<br \/>\n          has ingested sulfur mustard, do NOT induce vomiting. Give the person<br \/>\n          milk to drink.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Stay calm.<br \/>\n          Dial 911 and explain what has happened.\n        <\/li>\n<li>Wait for<br \/>\n          emergency personnel to arrive. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How<br \/>\n        sulfur mustard exposure is treated<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The most important<br \/>\n        factor is removing sulfur mustard from the body. Exposure to sulfur mustard<br \/>\n        is treated by giving the victim supportive medical care to minimize the<br \/>\n        effects of the exposure. Though no antidote exists for sulfur mustard,<br \/>\n        exposure is usually not fatal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Where<br \/>\n        people can get more information about sulfur mustard<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For more information<br \/>\n        about sulfur mustard, people can contact the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regional<br \/>\n          poison control center (1-800-222-1222)\n        <\/li>\n<li>Centers<br \/>\n          for Disease Control and Prevention Public Response Hotline (CDC) <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>English<br \/>\n              (888) 246-2675\n            <\/li>\n<li>Espa\u00f1ol<br \/>\n              (888) 246-2857\n            <\/li>\n<li>TTY<br \/>\n              (866) 874-2646 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Agency for<br \/>\n          Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1-888-422-8737)\n        <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Facts About Sulfur Mustard Download PDF version formatted for print (42 KB\/4 pages) What sulfur mustard is Sulfur mustard is a type of chemical warfare agent. These kinds of agents are called vesicants or blistering agents, because they cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes on contact. Sulfur mustard is also known as &#8220;mustard [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/884"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/884\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalterroralert.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}